
Mutual funds are sold primarily on the basis of ‘performance’ measured by historical ‘total return’.
The famous Morningstar ’star’ rating system is based on ‘total return’, in this case ‘risk-adjusted total return’ relative to funds of the same asset category.
A general’s stars are a clear indication of rank. People presume that ‘five stars’ are better than ‘three stars’, just as they presume that a ‘five star general’ is higher ranked than a ‘three star general’.










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